The museum's collection includes objects, documents, photographs, works of art, archaeological artefacts, digital collections (including oral history recordings) and all other memorabilia connected to the history of Jewish Oświęcim residents from the second half of the 16th century to the present day. A special part of the collection comprises archaeological artefacts discovered at the site of the Great Synagogue in Oświęcim, destroyed by the Germans during World War II (2004), and a collection of objects, mostly personal, belonging to Szymon Kluger (1925–2000), the last Jewish resident of Oświęcim.