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Ludwik Fleck (1896–1961) – scientist, microbiologist, philosopher, prisoner of Auschwitz and Buchenwald. His philosophical work became the inspiration for Thomas Kuhn's theory.

In the post-war period, Fleck was affiliated with the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University and later with the Medical Academy in Lublin, where he headed the Department of Medical Microbiology. From 1952, he worked at the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw. He conducted extensive research on immune mechanisms. He participated in international congresses and lectured in Brazil, France, the United States and the Soviet Union. From 1954 he was a corresponding member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He was awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. In 1957, he and his wife left permanently for Israel. He continued his research at the Bacteriological Institute in Ness Ziona. He headed the Department of Experimental Pathology and the Israel Institute of Biological Research.

In 2008, Professor Fleck's collaborator, Dr Ewa Pleszczyńska, donated correspondence, photographs, notes, books with Fleck's handwritten dedications, a metal-body pencil belonging to Fleck and a letter from Thomas Schnelle, a biographer and researcher of Fleck's scientific achievements, to the "Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre" Centre in Lublin.