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Yiddish leaflet printed as part of one of the educational campaigns conducted by the Polish Anti-tuberculosis Association.

Polish society in the inter-war period was in a very poor state of health. Widespread impoverishment and inadequate sanitary conditions contributed to the development of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis. The problem was so serious that state administrative bodies as well as medical care facilities and pro-health organisations had to undertake an intensive treatment and prevention campaign throughout the country. Data from Mału Rocznik Statystyczny (Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland) from 1928 showed that the death rate due to tuberculosis was 18.8 per 10,000 inhabitants. This placed Poland second in Europe (after Hungary) in terms of mortality caused by this disease.

Tuberculosis was not a new problem on Polish soil. In the Kingdom of Poland, the first Anti-Tuberculosis Association was established in 1890 in Poznań. By the end of the war in 1918, there were already 14 associations operating in the country, and in 1928 this number increased to 136. Among them were also Jewish organisations, such as the Jewish Anti-Tuberculosis League of the Republic of Poland "Atil" and the Jewish Anti-Tuberculosis Association "Brijus - Zdrowie" in Otwock, established on its initiative. Their task was to carry out extensive educational activities, collect data on the condition of the population and, above all, provide medical and sometimes material assistance to the sick and their families. The organisations fighting tuberculosis were united in the Polish Anti-Tuberculosis Association in 1925.