Objects

Photograph (secondary print) - taken on a lawn, against a background of a fence and deciduous trees (acacia?), probably in summer - of Augusta Hermelin, née Zamenhof [1865(1866?)-1931], surrounded by her children, born at the turn of the 20th century. The eldest, daughters, stand in the back row: Lubomira (married Emanuel Weinkiper; d. 1963) and Emilia (will marry Józef Sztencel and die in the ghetto). Irena (later Rozengarten, after her husband) is embraced by her mother's right hand, Alexander (will marry Bianka Naftali, then Halina Zajczyk; d. 1967) is embraced by his left hand, Rudolf (will marry Stella Weinkiper; d. 1958) lies in the foreground. The photograph was possibly taken by Augusta's husband and father of the children, Henryk Hermelin [1860(1861?)-1934].

Augusta Hermelin was a German language teacher and taught in a Polish school (not many Jewish women were allowed to do so). She was the daughter of Markus Zamenhof and Rozalia née Sofer, and had seven siblings - one of her brothers was Dr. Ludwik (Łazarz) Zamenhof.